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We study the weight part of Serre’s conjecture for genericn-dimensional modpGalois representations. We first generalize Herzig’s conjecture to the case where the field is ramified atpand prove the weight elimination direction of the conjecture. We then introduce a new class of weights associated ton-dimensional local modprepresentations which we callextremal weights. Using a “Levi reduction” property of certain potentially crystalline Galois deformation spaces, we prove the modularity of these weights. As a consequence, we deduce the weight part of Serre’s conjecture for unit groups of some division algebras in generic situations. 

Let $K/{\mathbb{Q}}_p$be a finite unramified extension, $\stackrel{¯<\#comment/>}{\mathrm{\rho <\#comment/>}}:\mathrm{G}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{l}\left({\stackrel{¯<\#comment/>}{\mathbb{Q}}}_p/K\right)\to <\#comment/>{\mathrm{G}\mathrm{L}}_n\left({\stackrel{¯<\#comment/>}{\mathbb{F}}}_p\right)$a continuous representation, and $\mathrm{\tau <\#comment/>}$a tame inertial type of dimension $n$. We explicitly determine, under mild regularity conditions on $\mathrm{\tau <\#comment/>}$, the potentially crystalline deformation ring $R_{\stackrel{¯<\#comment/>}{\mathrm{\rho <\#comment/>}}}^{\mathrm{\eta <\#comment/>},\mathrm{\tau <\#comment/>}}$in parallel Hodge–Tate weights $\mathrm{\eta <\#comment/>}=(n-<\#comment/>1,\cdots <\#comment/>,1,0)$and inertial type $\mathrm{\tau <\#comment/>}$when theshapeof $\stackrel{¯<\#comment/>}{\mathrm{\rho <\#comment/>}}$with respect to $\mathrm{\tau <\#comment/>}$has colength at most one. This has application to the modularity of a class of shadow weights in the weight part of Serre’s conjecture. Along the way we make unconditional the local-global compatibility results of Park and Qian [Mém. Soc. Math. Fr. (N.S.) 173 (2022), pp. vi+150]. 

Let $$F$$ be a totally real field in which $$p$$ is unramified. Let $$\overline{r}:G_{F}\rightarrow \text{GL}_{2}(\overline{\mathbf{F}}_{p})$$ be a modular Galois representation that satisfies the Taylor–Wiles hypotheses and is tamely ramified and generic at a place $$v$$ above $$p$$ . Let $$\mathfrak{m}$$ be the corresponding Hecke eigensystem. We describe the $$\mathfrak{m}$$ -torsion in the $$\text{mod}\,p$$ cohomology of Shimura curves with full congruence level at $$v$$ as a $$\text{GL}_{2}(k_{v})$$ -representation. In particular, it only depends on $$\overline{r}|_{I_{F_{v}}}$$ and its Jordan–Hölder factors appear with multiplicity one. The main ingredients are a description of the submodule structure for generic $$\text{GL}_{2}(\mathbf{F}_{q})$$ -projective envelopes and the multiplicity one results of Emerton, Gee and Savitt [Lattices in the cohomology of Shimura curves, Invent. Math.   200 (1) (2015), 1–96]. 

We prove in generic situations that the lattice in a tame type induced by the completed cohomology of a $U(3)$ -arithmetic manifold is purely local, that is, only depends on the Galois representation at places above $$p$$ . This is a generalization to $$\text{GL}_{3}$$ of the lattice conjecture of Breuil. In the process, we also prove the geometric Breuil–Mézard conjecture for (tamely) potentially crystalline deformation rings with Hodge–Tate weights $(2,1,0)$ as well as the Serre weight conjectures of Herzig [‘The weight in a Serre-type conjecture for tame $$n$$ -dimensional Galois representations’, Duke Math. J.   149 (1) (2009), 37–116] over an unramified field extending the results of Le et al. [‘Potentially crystalline deformation 3985 rings and Serre weight conjectures: shapes and shadows’, Invent. Math.   212 (1) (2018), 1–107]. We also prove results in modular representation theory about lattices in Deligne–Lusztig representations for the group $$\text{GL}_{3}(\mathbb{F}_{q})$$ .